Essay --

I feel that creating initiative in our childhood is fundamental. Creating initiative abilities at a youthful age will be advantageous to the individual as they get more established. They will have something to count on and expand on from their childhood. Authority will profit them in all that they do, and assist them with sticking out. Hanging out in a positive manner will permit them to go a lot farther than somebody without extraordinary initiative aptitudes. There are a wide range of ways that will help create you as a pioneer, and the prizes are unending once you ace the craft of being an extraordinary pioneer. Next I will clarify why it is imperative to build up these initiative aptitudes. With the end goal for youth to be set up to work in organization with grown-ups, they have to create or potentially upgrade their initiative aptitudes. Initiative preparing gets ready youth to oversee time, function as a group, set objectives, start discussions, encourage gatherings, and make viable introductions. Advancing youth authority improvement is an extraordinary method to advance positive fundamental abilities learning. To completely take part with grown-ups, youth likewise should be informe...

International Terrorism Essays - TurkeyISIL Conflict,

Worldwide Terrorism Fear mongering is a component of present day society that can't be gotten away. Demonstrations of fear mongering happen during times of war and times of harmony. Some are to demonstrate a point, others to show insubordination. Psychological oppression can never be totally killed since humankind will consistently see a purpose behind there as brutality. No culture is great. Be that as it may, we can find a way to forestall such apparently silly assaults. Governments and their residents must be better prepared to battle psychological warfare. Fear mongering to most is thought of as an issue for the police to handle. This is the mindset that fear based oppressors blossom with. Governments must be on top of fear based oppressors and know the plans before they are placed energetically. Effective psychological militants consistently figure out how to remain one stride in front of the specialists. This has to stop. On the off chance that a specific gathering claims duty regarding a demonstration of psychological warfare, no matter what the intention might be, that gathering must be assaulted with all conceivable assets. Individuals must be eager to cooperate and join together. More often than not, fear mongering is the final product of individuals not getting along. Fear based oppression is a demonstration of savagery used to achieve change. Change can be made in different manners. Lives do not need to be lost. Fear based oppression relies intensely upon three things: exposure (to get their thoughts out to a mass crowd, stand out, and alarm the open), discreteness (mystery), and reliability (the pioneer in order has full authority over the individuals who work beneath he/she). Out of the three, exposure is most likely a fear based oppressors closest companion. Without a crowd of people, there is nobody to hear a fear based oppressor. There is no response. The media just plays into this with 24 hour inclusion of prisoner circumstances like the one in late 1997 when a gathering of psychological oppressors held individuals from the Peruvian government prisoner structure an all-encompassing timeframe. Everybody from Australia to Hawaii thought about that episode. After the media quit covering the story as it got old, it was nearly like the episode never occurred. In the long run the prisoners were discharged. As far as discreteness goes, psychological militants make the entirety of their arrangements in complete mystery. For the most part in a psychological militant gathering, individuals who are lower on the gathering command hierarchy can just recognize a couple of individuals on the internal circle. If governments somehow managed to go after these little fish, however it would be a moderate and repetitive process, it could prompt greater things. Going right to the core of the issue isn't generally the most ideal approach to complete something. In conclusion, bunches depend intensely on reliability. That is the reason specialists must make a firm substitute saying that they won't haggle with psychological oppressors as the United States has. At the point when a gathering is hold-up for quite a while and their requests are not being met, people groups reliability is tried. They start to accuse one another and in the end they breakdown. One of the driving reasons for fear mongering is an administration stifling and abusing its individuals and their convictions. No where is this more evident than in Turkey. The focal point of brutality in Turkey is the PKK. The Kurdistan Workers Party, known ass the PKK, is a standout amongst other sorted out most fierce gathering of psychological oppressors in the world. They are a very close assortment of hoodlums, killers, escapees and other solidified hoodlums. They started their assaults between the late 70's and mid 80's. So as to comprehend the PKK's intentions, you should initially comprehend the historical backdrop of the Kurdish individuals. Everything began in 1928. For quite a long time, the Kurds had discovered a home in a segment of the Middle East that is situated generally in south-eastern Turkey. Since the Kurds could not set up a self-governing country, they were aggrieved by their host states who didn't care for having the Kurds in their domains (however their abode place was found basically in Turkey, it additionally extended into parts of Iran, Iraq, and Syria). Being that most of the Kurds were in Turkey, there was a social upset and numerous dialects and letter sets utilized by different ethnic bunches were prohibited. The Kurds were one of these minorities and they became subject to a crusade of restraint . This brought about an uprise of radical gatherings. This is the place the PKK association originated from. Between December of 1995 and the fall of 1996, there was a gathering truce, anyway there were a barely any striking PKK assaults including a self destruction bombarding on a Turkish military march. 9 were

The Regulatory & Ethical Environment of Business

Consolidated In Wall or with a physical nearness In Wall) to audit in a unique research project. The understudy must cover at any rate 3 of the accompanying 7 points: (2) What sort of substance is this business (e. G. LLC, revenue driven element, not-for-profit substance, and so forth ) and why would that be the best decision for this business? (1) How does the equines address moral or good issues? (5) What natural issues does the business manage? (3) If the business creates, sells or in any case manages customer items, how does the business guarantee item security? (4) Does the business participate in promoting? Assuming this is the case, why? Further, how can it figure out what sort of publicizing best suits Its motivations? (6) What work Issues has the business confronted? 7) What kind of steps does the business attempt to Meltzer segregation both inside and outside the work environment? Papers will be reviewed on meticulousness and ideas shrouded in the reading material. Understu dies may direct research of the business anyway they see fit, however it is emphatically recommended that the understudy meet or in any case compare with a contact individual or people subsidiary with the picked business. Papers must be twofold divided, composed in size 12 Times New Roman text style with 1 inch edges. The paper must be at least 10 pages and a limit of 12 pages. MGM-6020-E, 6020?The Regulatory and Ethical Environment of Business Term Paper : Hallelujah Solar (http://www. Holidaymakers. Mother/) length of presence in Hawaii and a portrayal of Hawaii-based exercises (especially f you are covering a national â€Å"chain† business) Hallelujah Solar named after a huge shield well of lava that structures over 75% of the Hawaiian Island of Maim. The account of the organization isn't what one would anticipate. It didn't begin with an enormous research or a gathering or master natural researcher. Everything began back in the ass's, Hallelujah Solar author, Jim Whitlock ,working as a handyman at a green, returned home in the wake of a difficult day of work, prepared for a decent shower and acknowledged he had no high temp water. He called his proprietor, and disclosed to him all the water he was getting was cold. Mr.. Toby, a long-term neighborhood, came over and highlighted a crate on the rooftop and shouted in his wrecked English, â€Å"No more sun, not any more sweltering water†. Mr..Toby proceeded to clarify how the home-made gadget, copper tubes sandwiched between old window sheets associated with a water tank sitting on a decaying wooden stand, utilized the sun to make heated water. Jim contacted the cylinders and pulled quickly once again from the warmth. The famous light went off in his mind. â€Å"Holy dairy animals, this really works†, he thought. What's more, that was it. Jims sunlight based vitality Journey had started. Remember in those days he was a long-haired flower child surfer, engaged with ecological causes like Sav e Our Surf, a gathering committed to protecting reefs and perfect shorelines from deceitful engineers. In a strange touch of destiny, here he is years after the fact, utilizing motivation he got from a beginner lawn innovator, despite everything helping nature and alongside it, a large number of different lives as well.However, in spite of the free vivacious picture Jim was no bum he was precisely disposed and great with his hands. It took Jim 60 days to manufacture a close planetary system model while working a normal everyday employment. This was no little accomplishment considering this was before the vast majority claimed a PC not to mention knew about the web. He invested the majority of his additional energy in the nearby library doing research and exploring different avenues regarding various materials and items and in the long run built up an effective working sun powered heated water framework. â€Å"The individuals from the company not at all like the individuals from ass ociation or the owners of a business †are monetarily at risk for the obligations of the association just up to the degree of their investments† (Pig 152 Shaw). 977, Jim authoritatively began his sun powered organization, Hallelujah Resources Inc. During the ass's, because of the oil ban in the Middle East, rough costs rose significantly. Natural mindfulness likewise rose as of now and the desire of the two activated colossal enthusiasm for elective approaches to make vitality. Sun oriented was a significant beneficiary of this recently discovered intrigue and the entire business took off. Because of the demonstrable skill and trustworthiness of Jim and his administrations, the now-named Hallelujah Solar immediately turned into the biggest sunlight based organization in Maim, in the long run different islands and soon they were introducing frameworks everywhere throughout the state. In the mid ass's, Jim begun exploring different avenues regarding sunlight based cells, mak ing electricity.With fuel costs continually rising, and photovoltaic innovation costs dropping, he imagined a valid in which â€Å"people would set up their own little electric companies†. In watching the staggering development of sun oriented electric today, we can finish up he was correct. Glory be Solar has been doing business for more than 35 years and has introduced more than ten thousand sun powered vitality frameworks with fulfilled clients everywhere throughout the province of Hawaii. They think overhauling frameworks is Just as significant as introducing them. They are a one-stop shop and administration anything sun based vitality related. Glory be Solar genuinely remains behind their work, and are one of only a handful hardly any sunlight based organizations in the state to have been gather sufficiently long to in reality back together a multi year guarantee. What kind of element is this business (e. G.LLC, revenue driven substance, not-for-profit element, and so on ) and why would that be the best decision for this business? â€Å"When we consider enterprise we normally consider goliaths, for example, General Motors, Exxon Mobil, Microsoft or Walter, which apply colossal impact over our economy and society. Be that as it may, the nearby autonomously possessed accommodation store might be a partnership. † (pig 1 52 Shaw). Jim Whitlock realized that in the event that he to have any sort of achievement he expected to make a company. Partnership has numerous points of interest that fit this reticular circumstance. Above all else the extension factor a non-revenue driven element has more earnestly time Justifying development since its objective isn't income age yet rather its mission.Its not the way that Non-For-Profit association can't produce income, in reality a ton of them accomplish (For instance NCAA (National College Athletic Association)), the reality it can't utilize incomes to put resources into itself. Incomes of non-revenue driv en association normally disseminated to investors as profits or put resources into ventures. Non-for-benefit can't hold benefits for self speculation. Jim Whitlock had the sights et on development and required the benefits and incomes to be put once again into the enterprise. With the goal that he can climate downturns in business and have enough budgetary influence to grow. Non-for-benefit for the most part depends on gifts as the primary commitment, Corporations are depended on speculators as the principle wellspring of contribution.Being a financial specialist is more worthwhile than being a giver. With enterprise it is simpler to get discoveries not just from individuals who need to prevail with you yet additionally from money related foundations. On the off chance that a partnership is producing income budgetary organizations are increasingly disposed to give credit or become a speculator. Making cash requests more to the banks rather donations†¦ Go figure. To wrap things up the Non-revenue driven assessment necessity for consistence are monotonous and tedious also exacting guidelines code Jim Whitlock expected to concentrate on the organization's turn of events and its development as opposed to attempting to conform to government requirements.These are the main motivations why Corporation was the correct way for Hallelujah enterprise instead of the way of non for benefit. One of the most significant legitimate advantages is the owners and general accomplices in an organization are by and by and Jointly expansible for all the liabilities of a business, for example, advances, creditor liabilities, and lawful Judgments. In a partnership, in any case, investors, executives and officials normally are not at risk for the organization's obligations and commitments. There is this statement in the book â€Å"The issue, obviously, is that they are not individuals. Or on the other hand to cite Lord Thrown an eighteenth-century attorney, in what manner can you â€Å"expect a partnership to have a still, small voice, when it has no spirit to be cursed and no body to be kicked(pig 154 Shaw).The certainty is that these kinds of companies do have spirits since it begins tit exclusive's thought and that man needs to see his thought happen as expected, to develop and to appear. To begin something from fundamentally zero with Just a thought an individual needs to contribute time, an individual needs to contribute assets and above all his spirit. The enterprise is a shield for individual resources for limit the effectively gigantic hazard an individual is taking. Such shield permits the organization to develop and keep up the work power realizing that the partnership Just like an individual can be braised or accused, even rebuffed for the choices the executives makes and the arrangements the board attempts. 1) How does the place of work moral or good issues?The 1973 oil emergency began in October 1973, when the individuals from Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries or the OPEC (comprising of the Arab individuals from OPEC, in addition to Egypt, Syria and Tunisia) broadcasted an oil ban. Before the finish of the ban in March 1974, the cost of oil had ascended from US $3 per barrel to almost $12. This was the reminder to scan for elective vitality source. A ton of articles was posted on the intensity of sun powered innovation. Jim Whitlock perceived the specialty requirement for sun based fueled radiators and chose to transform a thought into the real world and thusly o benefit. â€Å"Pollution and the consumption of normal assets are two parts of a similar issue: Both include spending regular assets that are limited.Pollution goes through clean air and water, Just as extraction goes through the minerals or oil in the ground† (pig 244 Shaw). In any case, here we have something that is free and underestimated †Sunlight. Glory be Corporation utilizes daylight as its essential asset and changes over it to warm and electrici

Use Self-Descriptive Essay Samples

Use Self-Descriptive Essay SamplesSelf-descriptive essay samples are great tools that can be used to tell a tale in such a short time. How does this work? Well, we are going to take a look at just how this works.First of all, I would like to start by telling you a little bit about what you will be using self-descriptive essay samples for. You are probably aware that this is where you are going to create a few pretty descriptive titles in order to make your essay as fun as possible. So, what better way to get some of the titles in play for your project than to get them first hand?This can be a little bit of a trial and error endeavor, but this is where the try comes in. If you are not that knowledgeable about writing, try typing in a few keywords and phrases. See how many ideas pop into your head.You are going to want to start out by using the unique ways that you write when creating these titles. For example, try to think of what the title of your project is that you are trying to co me up with for your first article for your students. See what ideas you come up with.Then use these ideas when you are writing your essay. This can be very simple or very complex. However, whatever you do, do not go by what you first thought of when you did your brainstorming exercise.This is because the ideas that are actually coming out of your brain and you are bringing into the story is much more important. So use the details that you came up with that were originally in your brain. You will probably find that you are only able to use a small number of these ideas and that is ok. Try to come up with the best ideas possible and get the better ones for your writing.Now that you have done your first draft and you need to start getting the actual essay formatted you need to come up with some titles. Self-descriptive essay samples will have these ready for you and once you have finished the paper and have moved on to the next topic you can come back to these titles for the next proje ct.

Qualitative Research Methods - 986 Words

Data were gathered from a self-designed survey, semi-structured bi-weekly interviews for 14 weeks, relevant document collection, and field notes. Each interview took around sixty minutes. The survey was used to understand respondents’ general education background and select suitable participants for the further qualitative data collection. Interviews asked their English and academic learning situations in Taiwan, the processes of studying in graduate programs, present doctoral learning situations, in and out of class academic (writing) activities, academic (writing) challenges they encountered during their academic acculturation, and their perceptions of own academic acculturation. Documents comprised academic information related to†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, they worked with different advisor(s) and/or research teams which formed unique culture. Therefore, utilizing case study to present each participant’s English academic writing situation and academic acculturation could provide more comprehensive research phenomenon. 2. Findings 4.1 Cheng-Rui 4.1.1 Cheng-Rui’s English writing and discipline-specific learning backgrounds (866 words) Cheng-Rui studied in the Material Science and Engineering (MSE) across from college to the doctoral level. When he studied in the college in Taiwan, most teaching materials related to MSE were in English. He wrote assignments and exams mainly in Chinese but occasionally wrote assignments in English to practice his English writing for studying abroad after graduation. Nevertheless, he did not receive any feedback on his English writing. During class, he took notes mostly in English because his instructors also wrote notes in English on a board. In the fourth year, he voluntarily participated in a science fair project. He viewed it as a step for studying abroad later. In this project, he conducted an experiment, presented results in the fair, and wrote a report on it. In order to practice his English, he insisted on writing the report and the poster in English. One notable impediment durin g his college study was the lack of exposure and training in English academic writing. He stated that â€Å"No one taught me how to write the report. I lookedShow MoreRelatedQualitative Research Methods1185 Words   |  5 PagesCOURSE | : | QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS AND APPROACHES | COURSE CODE | : | BIR6024 | CREDIT | : | 4 | SLT | : | 160 hours | PREREQUISITE | : | GRU6014 | SEMESTER | : | First / Second | LEARNING OUTCOMES | : | 1. Use qualitative research methods and approaches in collecting and analyzing data. 2. Conduct qualitative research methods in education. 3. Critical in evaluating research reports. 4. Demonstrate ethical practices in collecting and analyzing data. | SYNOPSISLECTURERS’Read MoreQualitative Research Methods6311 Words   |  26 PagesPROJECT QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FROM AN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE à hsan Ulaà ¾ Kocaoà °lu JANUARY 2006 CONTENTS Definition of Qualitative Research in Social Sciences Approaches to Management Research Positivism versus Phenomenology Deductive and Inductive Schools of Thought in Management Research Major Qualitaitve Research Approaches Ethnographic Approach Phenomenology Field Research Grounded Theory Case study Action Research Narrative research Qualitative DataRead MoreQualitative Research Methods5198 Words   |  21 PagesOVERVIEW Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector’s Field Guide Module 1 Qualitative Research Methods Overview F A M I L Y H E A L T H I N T E R N A T I O N A L Qualitative Research Methods Overview OVERVIEW T †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ his module introduces the fundamental elements of a qualitative approach to research, to help you understand and become proficient in the qualitative methods discussed in subsequent modules. We recommend that you consult the suggested readingsRead MoreQualitative Research : Research Methods1166 Words   |  5 Pages Qualitative Research Name: Allana Sibille SOC 333: Research Methods Professor: Risa Garelick December 3rd, 2015 Qualitative Research Qualitative research reflects the multiple ways researcher’s collect data and explore information through literature review. Participant’s review is often observed for analysis while â€Å"the role of the researcher focuses as the primary data collection instrument necessitates the identification of personal values, assumptions and biases at the outsetRead MoreQualitative Research : Research Methods1219 Words   |  5 PagesQualitative Research Justin Netcher SOC 333: Research Methods Jeremy Baker December 19, 2016 Qualitative Research Qualitative research reflects different ways that researcher’s collect data and explore all of the information through literature review. Participant’s that are reviewing is often observed for analysis while â€Å"the role of the researcher focuses as the primary data collection instrument necessitates the identification of personal values, assumptions and biases at the outset ofRead MoreMethods And Methods Of Qualitative Research1057 Words   |  5 PagesMethod Approach Qualitative research is normally recognizable via the use of methods that include, in-depth interviews and group moderation techniques; a particular objective to answer is â€Å"why?† and â€Å"how?† (Bailey, 2014). One of the great benefits of the qualitative research method is that it offers a wide range of approaches that can be used to capture data. In order to ensure credibility, two approaches will be used to conduct this research. The ethnographic approach will be used to understandRead MoreQualitative Research Methods4061 Words   |  17 PagesBusiness Research Skills Qualitative Research Report Business Research Skills Qualitative Research Report Teresa Cooney B00251777 Teresa Cooney B00251777 Contents Introduction 2 1. Research Design 3 1.1 Qualitative Research Methods 3 1.2 Thematic Analysis 3 2. Findings and Analysis 6 References 8 Appendix 1 9 Appendix 2 13 Introduction This report has been commissioned by the University of the West of Scotland (Paisley campus) for the Business Research SkillsRead MoreQualitative Research On Research Methods Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesThis type of research methods involve describing in detail specific situation using research tools like interviews, surveys, and Observations. Qualitative Research is primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It provides insights into the problem or helps to develop ideas or hypotheses for potential quantitative research. Qualitative Research is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into theRead MoreQualitative And Quantitative Research Methods936 Words   |  4 PagesQualitative and quantitative research methods are two alternative applications for research methods. Both are very different in how data is collected, what data is collected, and how data is measured. Both of these research methods are utilized amongst the major areas of psychology and the social sciences. This paper will provide a brief description of qualitative and quantitative methods, provide the differences between the two approaches along with the terminology used for both; I will alsoRead MoreQuantitative And Qualitative Research Methods Essay1850 Words   |  8 Pages3.2 Research Methods â€Å"Quantitative and Qualitative† were the two principal approaches in psychological research currently (Bavelas, 1998). Quantitative research is concerned with applying statistical approaches to test hypotheses. Statistical methods are to consider as the analysis of data, it normally concerned with â€Å"probabilistic model† as a background. (Sibson, 1999), the prominent characteristic of probabilistic model is as the analysis of data was collected, which is considered about â€Å"mean,

Why Act One Scene Five of Romeo and Juliet is an Effective...

Why Act One Scene Five of Romeo and Juliet is an Effective Piece of Drama ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is a play, telling the tragic story of two lovers kept apart by their family’s hate for one another. It was written by William Shakespeare. First published in 1597, the play is set in the Italian city of Verona and is themed on the love between Juliet, the daughter of the Capulet household, and Romeo, the son of the Montague household. Together they are forced to hide their love for one another due to the Capulet and Montague’s bitter rivalry. Juliet, of the Capulet household, is being primed for a marriage to Paris, while Romeo is apparently in love with a woman called Rosaline, whom we never actually see†¦show more content†¦The scene is when Romeo and Juliet first meet in the Capulet mansion at a party held by Capulet. We see that Romeo and other members of the Montague family have gatecrashed the party, all wearing masks. In this piece of writing I will explore the scene and explain what are the particularly effective pie ces of drama that make for such an enthralling, action-packed scene. Act One Scene V can be split into seven sections in which the mood of the scene changes vastly. The first of which is before the party takes off, where the servants prepare for the party. The mood in this section is of great anticipation and excitement towards the party. The servants discussion is intended to be comical, Shakespeare achieves this by using prose, which is predominantly used for comic characters and those of a low position in society. An example of the excited mood is when the third servant encourages the others into the main hall: â€Å"Cheerly, Boys! Be brisk a while, and the longer liver take all† In the second section Capulet and his cousin reminisce about their youth; perhaps more significantly it is the first time that Romeo lays his eyes upon Juliet. The mood in this section is quite sombre and slow in pace; however the pace of this section increases when Romeo sees Juliet as the audience would be intrigued by his comments that he directs towards her. WeShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 Pagesdetermined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reason history is an act of individual and national self-assertion Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · political pamphlets travel writing highly ornate writing style fiction employs generic plots and characters fiction often tells the story of how an innocent young woman is testedRead MoreLanguage of Advertising20371 Words   |  82 Pagesmight be interested in its effect on individual motivations. And there are many other possible approaches. It is very interesting to investigate linguo-stylistic peculiarities of advertising language in order to understand why advertising has so much influence on people. That’s why we have chosen advertising language as the object of this study. Linguo-stylistic peculiarities of advertising language are the subject of this investigation. Theoretical and specialized works of Russian and foreign linguists

Immortal Values free essay sample

Swami Chinmayananda Civilization flourishes with the promotion of culture, but when the cultural values deteriorate, the civilization of a society breaks down, as we have known from the fall of the Egyptian, the Greek and the Roman civilizations. The great religious masters of India, using their own ingenious efforts, have time and again revived the philosophical and religious values for which India stood and thereby arrested the deterioration of the culture. When culture deteriorates there is an increase in barbarity and immorality in the country and its philosophy is misinterpreted, leading o confusion and chaos among its people. This, in short, is more or less the sad condition of the present world. The need of the hour is to arrest forthwith the deterioration by reviving the great philosophical and religious values of life. In no other literature in the world have these values been so beautifully and exhaustively dealt with as in the sacred books of India. In this context we may note the following advice given to the students by the Rishi of the Taittiriya Upanishad : The practice of what is right and proper is fixed by the scriptural texts; it is to be followed along with reading the texts oneself and ropagating the truths of the same. (Truths: this means that practising in life what is understood to be right and proper is to be pursued along with regular studies and preaching. ) This Upanishadic passage closely parallels the corresponding function that we have in our colleges today, which goes by the term, Convocation Address. The students of the Gurukula are given some key ideas on how they should live lives dedicated to their culture, consistent with what has been taught to them as the goal and way of life. More than Just Facts It must be the duty of the educationists to see that they impart to the growing eneration not merely some factual knowledge or some wondrous theories but also ideals of pure living, and training in how to live those ideals in practical life. In short, the secret of a sound culture is crystallized in this convocation address; this portion is more exhaustively amplified in the section that follows the address. In this section the teacher presents twelve immo rtal ideas ot living and rules ot conduct. An equal number of times he has insisted that the student continue his study of the scriptures and propagate the immortal ideas of his culture all through his life. In these passages, we find that the brilliant students are repeatedly commissioned to continue their study and be preachers throughout their lifetime. The Upanishadic style lies in its brevity. Use of even a syllable more than the minimum required is considered as a great sin; yet, here we find in a small section twelve repetitions of the same idea; study (swadhyaya) and discoursing upon the Veda with a view to making others understand (pravachana). For this missionary work the Rishis never saw any necessity in organizing a special class of teachers. The preaching activity was built into the duty of every householder. In the pursuit of his vocation, the householder was not asked to spare any special time or to sacrifice his duties either towards himself or towards his own children, the society, the nation or the world. But while emphasizing the need to pursuing his duties at all these levels, the Rishis asked him to keep continuously in touch with the scriptures and to preach the same truth to others. The great qualities that the teacher has insisted upon are: (a) The practice of what is right and proper as indicated in the scriptures (ritam); (b) Living up to the ideals that have been intellectually comprehended during the tudies (satyam); (c) Aspirit of self sacrifice and self denial (tapas); (d) Control of the senses (dama); (e) Tranquillity of the mind (sama); (f) Maintenance of a charitable and ready kitchen at home in the service of all deserving hungry fellow beings (agni); (g) Practice of concentration and ritualism through fire worship as was in vogue in the society of those days; and (h) Doing ones duty towards humanity, towards ones children and grandchildren and towards the society. Continuing the Convocation Address, the teacher says: Having taught the Vedas, the receptor enjoins the pupil: Speak the truth, do your duty, never swerve from the study of the Vedas; do not cut off the line of descendants in your family, after giving the preceptor the guru dakshina. Neve r deviate from the truth, never fail in your duty, never overlook your own welfare, never neglect your prosperity, never neglect the study and the propagation of the Vedas. After the studies, before the students are let out to meet their destinies in their independent individual life as social beings, the teacher gives his exhortation, which comprises, we might say, Vedanta in ractice. Relationship to Society Satyam vada, Speak the truth: Truthfulness consists mainly in uttering a thought as it is actually perceived, without hypocrisy or any vulgar motive to do injury to others. Trutntulness in i ts essential meaning is the atunement ot ones though own intellectual convictions. ts witn ones Having developed this quality of truthfulness, where should one apply it? As if anticipating such a doubt in the student, the teacher says, dharmam chara. Dharma is a Sanskrit word that has no corresponding word in English. We may, for our onvenience, but not to our full satisfaction, translate d harma as duty. Hinduism is built upon duties and responsibilities, not on rights. A culture built upon duties recognizes the right to do ones duty as the fundamental privilege in life. A generation that understands such a culture gets trained to demand of life ample chances to fulfil its duties. Duty, therefore, develops the spirit of giving, not the lust to hoard or the anxiety to keep. The sequence of thoughts After giving the preceptor his fees, do not cut off the thread of progeny implies a healthy suggestion as how best to plan ones life. After finishing your education, first of all become economically independent; learn a trade, create a market, assure a comfortable income. Then, as the next duty in life, marry and maintain the line of descendents in the family. This is followed by a series of warnings not to swerve from truthfulness, duty, personal welfare and prosperity. The Rishi advised the students to be prosperous so that they would be able to serve others in selfless charity. It is reasserted that we must pursue the study of the scriptures and make it a lifes mission to spread those truths among ourselves with a urning, irresistible missionary zeal. Continuing the advice, the teacher says: Never swerve from your duties towards gods and towards the departed souls (manes). May the mother, father, preceptor and the guest be to thee a god. Relationship to the Teacher Philosophy is a subjective science, and its blessing can be gained only by actually living it. Apart from its logic and reason, the theory must have the dynamism of the teacher behind it to inspire the students at all times. If this reverence and respect for the teacher are not there, the moment suspicion and doubt creep into our minds egarding the purity and sincerity of the teacher, the philosophy that is declared becomes immediately impotent in our hearts. Therefore, the teacher says, Follow only the irreproachable qualities in us. Wearing the look of the ordinary and behaving as any ordinary mortal, these men of perfection faced their students. This, in fact, was the secret of their success in spreading the transcendental wisdom among people living amid lifes conditions in their day to day existence. The idea of the advice to students was that you must be all ears and eyes when the wise talk, and not be full of noise and tongue. When such teachers discuss, there are plenty of ideas that one must try to absorb, discuss later on and assimilate properly. Practising Charity Continuing the address to the students, the Rishi adds: Gifts should be given with faith: they should never be given without faith; they should be given in plenty, with modesty and with sympathy. Hinduism recognizes the householders existence only as a necessary training in curbing his animalism and purifying him for the greater heights of spirituality. Cultural perfection is the goal. Ultimately the individual was valued upon the spirit of acrifice he could show toward the finite, when the call of the Infinite reached him. Naturally, therefore, the teacher has to give some instruction as to how charity can best be practised. Therefore, charity is acceptable only when it toes the line with our own independent intellectual beliefs and convictions. Indiscriminate charity is not acceptable to the science of Vedanta, which is not trying to cultivate fruit trees. Its aim is to cultivate the thinking animal called man. Therefore, the Rishi pointedly condemns the opposite idea by the positive declaration. Gifts should not be given without faith. Every benefactor has the right, even the duty, to inquire into the righteousness of the cause he is trying to patronize. It is said that having come to Judge a cause to be deserving, give it your entire patronage: Give in plenty; with both hands, give. However, charity can bring to us the feeling of egoism and vanity. These are avoided by instructions to give with modesty. Charity constricts the heart and obstructs human growth if it is not honeyed with the spirit of love and the Joy of identification. Proper Conduct Coming to the end of the Convocation Address given to the students, the Rishi says: Now if there should arise any doubt regarding your acts or any uncertainty in respect of your conduct in life and with regard to those who are falsely accused of some crime, you should conduct yourselves exactly in the same manner as do the brahmanas there, who are thoughtful, religious, not set on by others, not cruel, and are devoted to dharma. An ideal Brahmin should be one who is not set on by others. He must not be cruel. He must be a self dedicated champion of the greater values of life as explained in the immortal scriptures. Such men of dedicated life, firmly stablished in their ideas and stoutly independent, are the true sons of the Hindu culture, and the student is asked to follow them whenever there is a doubt regarding either action or conduct. The above passages, starting with satyam vada, consisting of twenty five items and divisible into six waves of thought, constitute the sacred commandments of Hinduism.